Njengoko uDisemba ufika, izigidigidi kwihlabathi liphela zizintywilisela kwimeko yeKrismesi—izibane ezikhanyayo, imithi ehonjisiweyo, iingoma ezimnandi, kunye nokulindela ukuphana izipho. Nangona kunjalo, iingcambu zembali zalo mbhiyozo "wovuyo kwihlabathi" ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye zinomdla kunokuba abaninzi becinga. Ukuguquka kweKrismesi yimbali enkulu egubungela inkcubeko, unqulo, kunye nembali, edibanisa imibhiyozo yobuhedeni, imfundiso yobuKrestu, iintsomi, kunye nempucuko yorhwebo yanamhlanje.
1. Imfihlakalo Yomhla: Kutheni kwakufuneka kubekho umhla wama-25 kuDisemba?
Umbuzo osisiseko nonomdla ngulo: kutheni kufuneka kubhiyozelwe ukuzalwa kukaYesu ngoDisemba 25? ITestamente eNtsha ayichazi umhla ochanekileyo wokuzalwa kukaYesu. Izazi-mbali kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho bavumelana ngokubanzi ukuba iCawa yokuqala yakhetha lo mhla ukuze ithathe kwaye iguqule imithendeleko emininzi ebalulekileyo yobuhedeni eyayithandwa kuBukhosi baseRoma.
Umnyhadala obalulekileyo ohambelanayo yayingu "Dies Natalis Solis Invicti" (Ukuzalwa kweLanga Elingoyiswayo). Kwikhalenda kaJulian, umhla wama-25 kuDisemba uwela emva nje kwe-solstice yasebusika, nto leyo ephawula ukubuya kweentsuku ezinde kunye namandla elanga. UMlawuli uAurelian waseka ngokusesikweni lo mnyhadala ngo-274 AD wokunqula uthixo welanga uSol. Ngokumisela loo mhla mnye ukubhiyozela ukuzalwa kukaYesu, abambiza ngokuba "liLanga loBulungisa," iCawa yokuqala yazalisa loo mhla ngemiqondiso enzulu: "Ukukhanya kweHlabathi" kokwenyani kwakufika, kwathatha indawo yonqulo lwelanga lobuhedeni.
Kwangaxeshanye, umnyhadala wamaRoma weSaturnalia, oqala nge-17 ukuya kwi-23 kaDisemba, wafaka isandla kwi-gene yolonwabo kwiKrismesi. Ngeli xesha, ucwangco lwentlalo lwaluguqulwa okwethutyana: amakhoboka ayenokutya neenkosi zawo, abantu babenikana izipho, batye, bakhanyise amakhandlela, baze benze imibhiyozo eqhelekileyo. Ezi zinto kamva zafakwa kwimibhiyozo yeKrismesi.
2. Ukusuka kwiMibhiyozo yoNqulo ukuya kwiMibhiyozo yamaxesha aphakathi
Emva kokuba imiselwe ngokusesikweni yiCawa yamaRoma malunga nenkulungwane yesi-4, imibhiyozo yeKrismesi eYurophu ephakathi, ingakumbi kwiZiqithi zaseBritane, kancinci kancinci yaba yiholide enkulu neyayinomsindo. Yayingengombhiyozo wonqulo nje kuphela kodwa yayilixesha leentsuku ezilishumi elinesibini le-carnival yoluntu (ukususela nge-25 kaDisemba ukuya kwi-6 kaJanuwari, i-Epiphany).
Esinye sezithethe zayo ezidumileyo yayikukukhethwa "kweNkosi yoBugebenga" okanye "u-Abbot of Unreason." Ngeli xesha, abantu abaqhelekileyo babenokudlala indima yeenkosi, ngelixa igunya lokwenyani lalimiswa okwethutyana, lizaliswe yintlekisa kunye nokuvukela umbuso. Ukutya, ukusela, imiboniso, kunye nemidlalo eyahlukeneyo yazalisa izitalato. Olu hlobo lokubhiyozela lwaba yinto engenamsebenzi kwaye yaxokozela kangangokuba kamva lwabangela inkcaso enamandla kumaPuritan.
3. Ukuvalwa kwamaPuritan kunye nokuvuselelwa kweVictorian
Ngenkulungwane ye-17, amaPuritan eNgilani nakwiikoloni zaseMntla Melika ayejonga iKrismesi njengengasekelwanga eBhayibhileni kwaye ayeyijonga imibhiyozo yayo njengeyonakeleyo, engcolileyo, nenemvelaphi yobuhedeni. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaCromwell, imibhiyozo yeKrismesi yathintelwa okwethutyana eNgilani. KwiMassachusetts Bay Colony, ukubhiyozela iKrismesi kwakungavumelekanga kwaphela ukususela ngo-1659 ukuya ku-1681.
Umfanekiso wanamhlanje weKrismesi ubangelwe kakhulu yiBritane yexesha likaVictoria (inkulungwane ye-19). Ngeli xesha, abantu ababini ababalulekileyo kunye nomsebenzi woncwadi bachaza ngokutsha iKrismesi:
- INkosana uAlbert: Wazisa isiko laseJamani lokuhombisa imithi yeKrismesi kusapho lwasebukhosini baseBritane, elaba yinto ethandwayo kwilizwe lonke emva kokubhengezwa ziindaba.
- UCharles Dickens: Incwadi yakhe ka-1843I-Carol yeKrismesiyazisa udumo olukhulu kumoya oyintloko "wokuhlangana kwakhona kweentsapho," "uthando kunye nokulunga," "ukwabelana ngesisa," kunye "neziporho zeeholide." Le ncwadi yatshintsha ngempumelelo iKrismesi ukusuka kwi-carnival kawonke-wonke ukuya kwiholide efudumeleyo, egxile kusapho egcwele ububele kunye nokucamngca ngokuziphatha.
- Okwangoku, inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokushicilela obuvela kwiNguquko yezeShishini yenze ikhadi leKrisimesi lathandwa kakhulu, nto leyo eyaqinisa ngakumbi umsebenzi weholide wokudlulisa iintsikelelo kunye nezikhumbuzo.
4. Intsomi "Yokwenziwa" kaSanta Claus
USanta Claus wanamhlanje—indoda echwayitileyo, enxibe isuti ebomvu nemhlophe ehambisa izipho ngesileyi kunye netshimini etsalwa yinyamakazi—yimveliso eqhelekileyo “yokwenziwa kwenkcubeko.”
- Umzekelo wakhe nguSaint Nicholas, ubhishophu wenkulungwane yesi-4 waseAsia Minor owaziwa ngokupha izipho ngasese.
- Abafuduki baseDatshi bazisa umfanekiso wabo "weSinterklaas" eNew Amsterdam (ngoku eyiNew York), kwaye igama lakhe laguqulelwa kwisiNgesi kancinci kancinci laba "nguSanta Claus."
- Imbongi yenkulungwane ye-19 uClement Clarke Moore"Utyelelo oluvela kuSt. Nicholas"(eyaziwayonjengoko 'Yayibubusuku Ngaphambi kweKrisimesi) bongeze iinkcukacha ezifana ne-reindeer, i-sleigh, kunye nokungena ngetshimini.
- Ekugqibeleni, umzobi waseMelika uThomas Nast, ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwemifanekiso ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1860 ukuya koo-1880, waqinisekisa kakhulu indlela uSanta abonakala ngayo namhlanje: etyebile, eneendevu ezimhlophe, kwaye ehlala eNorth Pole.
- Uthotho lweentengiso zeCoca-Cola Company ngeminyaka yoo-1930, eziboniswe ngumzobi uHaddon Sundblom, zaza zawuqinisa umfanekiso kaSanta obomvu nomhlophe kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona yayingengomsuka wayo, eli phulo ladlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni nasekusasazeni inkangeleko ekhoyo ngoku.
5. Imibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi lehlabathi
Namhlanje, iKrismesi idlule imvelaphi yayo yonqulo yaba yinto yenkcubeko yehlabathi, iphuhlisa amasiko akhethekileyo kwihlabathi liphela:
- EJapan, iKrismesi ifana noSuku lweValentine oluthandekayo, kwaye ukonwabela i-"Christmas Barrel" yeKFC kuye kwaba sisithethe sesizwe esingaqhelekanga.
- ESweden, abantu bakha ingca enkulu ethi "Gävle Goat," edla ngokuba lixhoba lokutshiswa ngabantu abakhohlisayo.
- EVenezuela, ngobusuku bangaphambi kweKrismesi, abemi badla ngokutyibiliza nge-roller-skate ukuya ecaweni ukuze badle iMisa.
- KwiiPhilippines, baqhayisa ngexesha leKrisimesi elide kakhulu emhlabeni, eliqala ngoSeptemba ukuya kuJanuwari.
Isiphelo
Ukususela kwimibhiyozo ye-solstice yasebusika yaseRoma yamandulo, ukuya kwimibhiyozo yokubhukuqa yamaXesha Aphakathi, ukuya kumthwali weempawu zosapho kwixesha likaVictoria, ukuya kwiholide yanamhlanje edibanisa urhwebo nobushushu, imbali yeKrisimesi libali elicacileyo lokuziqhelanisa nokudibana kwempucuko. Isikhumbuza ukuba amasiko awami ndawonye kodwa afumana amandla ahlala ixesha elide ngokufunxa okuqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Xa sikhanyisa izibane zomthi weKrisimesi namhlanje, sinxibelelana kungekuphela nje nobushushu bosapho kodwa nakwimilambo yeenkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo, egubungela iminyaka eliwaka, eyenziwe kukudibana kweenkcubeko ezingenakubalwa kunye neemvakalelo zabantu ezabelwana ngazo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025